Deal Structure

Operating Agreement

The governing document of an LLC that defines ownership percentages, management rights, profit distribution rules, and the procedures for transferring membership interests.

Key Insight

The operating agreement is the first document to request in any LLC acquisition. Transfer restrictions or consent requirements buried in a 5-year-old operating agreement can block or delay a deal that looks otherwise simple.

Key Provisions for Acquisitions

Transfer restrictions: Many operating agreements require the consent of all or a majority of members before membership interests can be transferred. If there are multiple members (partners), each must agree to the sale.

Right of first refusal (ROFR): Some operating agreements give existing members the right to purchase the selling member's interest at the same price being offered by a third-party buyer. If a member exercises the ROFR, the deal with the outside buyer is blocked.

Tag-along/drag-along rights: Drag-along rights allow a majority member to compel minority members to sell alongside them. Tag-along rights allow minority members to participate in a sale being made by the majority. Relevant when the business has multiple members.

Management structure: Member-managed vs. manager-managed determines who has authority to sign contracts, make decisions, and execute the sale. The operating agreement may require majority or supermajority approval for a sale.

Post-Acquisition Amendment

After closing, the operating agreement is typically amended or replaced to:

  • Reflect the new sole member (or new ownership structure)
  • Remove provisions designed for multi-member operation
  • Update management authority
  • Reflect new company purpose or DBA if applicable

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