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CAR WASH · Q1 2026 · 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band held quarter-over-quarter (n=82, BizBuySell / industry M&A aggregate)CAR WASH · Mister Car Wash → LGP take-private · $7.00/share at 29% premium (Feb 17 2026 announcement)CAR WASH · Driven Brands divests US Car Wash to Whistle Express for $385M · diversified-acquirer retreatCAR WASH · ZIPS Car Wash emerged from Chapter 11 (Apr 2025) · $279M debt reduction; appeals through 2026CAR WASH · Express tunnel format >50% of NA market share (Mordor Intelligence 2026)CAR WASH · ICA Q1 CAR WASH Pulse — saturation, price sensitivity, slowing membership growthCAR WASH · Industry size $18.7B US (IBISWorld 2026) · 5.4% CAGR 2025–2026CAR WASH · Cohort retention 72%–91% across sample · 30–50% higher promotional-rate churnREGULATORY · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP · PFAS quarterly monitoring + exceedance investigation requirementREGULATORY · California Title 22 reclaim retrofit deadline Jan 1 2027 · 50% reclaim threshold for existing sitesJAPAN · Cross-border discount ~30–40% · 2.5×–4.0× EBITDA band reflects no unlimited-membership recurring layerMETHODOLOGY · Acquidex v1.0 · Sample window 2025-04 → 2026-03 · Trailing 12 months · n=82 SMB transactionsCAR WASH · Q1 2026 · 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band held quarter-over-quarter (n=82, BizBuySell / industry M&A aggregate)CAR WASH · Mister Car Wash → LGP take-private · $7.00/share at 29% premium (Feb 17 2026 announcement)CAR WASH · Driven Brands divests US Car Wash to Whistle Express for $385M · diversified-acquirer retreatCAR WASH · ZIPS Car Wash emerged from Chapter 11 (Apr 2025) · $279M debt reduction; appeals through 2026CAR WASH · Express tunnel format >50% of NA market share (Mordor Intelligence 2026)CAR WASH · ICA Q1 CAR WASH Pulse — saturation, price sensitivity, slowing membership growthCAR WASH · Industry size $18.7B US (IBISWorld 2026) · 5.4% CAGR 2025–2026CAR WASH · Cohort retention 72%–91% across sample · 30–50% higher promotional-rate churnREGULATORY · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP · PFAS quarterly monitoring + exceedance investigation requirementREGULATORY · California Title 22 reclaim retrofit deadline Jan 1 2027 · 50% reclaim threshold for existing sitesJAPAN · Cross-border discount ~30–40% · 2.5×–4.0× EBITDA band reflects no unlimited-membership recurring layerMETHODOLOGY · Acquidex v1.0 · Sample window 2025-04 → 2026-03 · Trailing 12 months · n=82 SMB transactions

Acquidex · Industry Atlas · Tokyo · New York

Car Wash Acquisitions · Q1 2026 · Issue 01

AQX-IR-CRW-2026Q1

Q1 2026 Car Wash Review — Saturation Catches the Express-Tunnel Boom; Public Markets Exit, Distressed Filings Reset the Floor

Mister Car Wash announced a $7.00 take-private to Leonard Green & Partners (Feb 2026). Driven Brands divested its US Car Wash segment to Whistle Express for $385M. ZIPS emerged from Chapter 11 under lender control. The 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band holds at the top — for express-tunnel sites with cohort-verified membership and operating value separated from real estate. Everything else compresses.

BY AVERY HASTINGS · CPA · FOUNDER, ACQUIDEX

Sample 2025-04 → 2026-03·n=—·Quarterly·Published 2026-05-07·Acquidex v1.0 §3.4

PILLAR 01

Earnings Quality

58%

Q1 2026 baseline

of express tunnel deals presented membership counts without per-cohort retention data. Promotional-priced members inflate count without durability — the ICA Q1 Pulse confirms slowing membership growth industry-wide.

PILLAR 02

Pricing

4.5×–7.0×

→ Band held vs Q4 2025

EBITDA multiple band stable at the top; site value vs. operating value confusion is the leading mispricing cause. Mister Car Wash → LGP go-private at $7.00 (29% premium) anchors the public-market exit benchmark.

PILLAR 03

Fundability

23%

Q1 2026 baseline

of deals flagged PFAS/UST environmental risk at Phase I. Phase I now categorical for SBA-financed car wash transactions; EPA 2026 MSGP adds PFAS monitoring on top.

PILLAR 04

Transferability

#1

Q1 2026 baseline

Ground-lease assignability is the top transferability risk. Landlord consent clauses block more closings than membership churn — confirm pre-negotiated consent before LOI.

Q1 2026 · The Read

US small-business car wash acquisitions traded in a 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band over the trailing twelve months ending March 2026 (n=82, BizBuySell / industry M&A advisory aggregate). Express-tunnel format now controls 50%+ of the North American market (Mordor Intelligence 2026); the 4.5×–7.0× band reflects this dominant segment, with IBA/self-serve compressing to 3.5×–5.5× EBITDA.

The trailing-period story brackets a cycle-maturation moment that closes inside Q1 2026. Mister Car Wash (NYSE: MCW), the largest publicly-traded operator (549 sites, 2.5M Unlimited Wash Club members), announced its $7.00 take-private to Leonard Green & Partners on Feb 17 2026 — a 29% premium to depressed trading levels reflecting the public-market growth-deceleration view, not asset re-rating. Driven Brands (NASDAQ: DRVN) announced the divestiture of its US Car Wash segment in Feb 2025 and closed the $385M Whistle Express transaction in Q1 2026; the International (IMO) wash sale for €411M closed in the same window. ZIPS Car Wash filed Chapter 11 Feb 2025 with $654M debt, emerged April 2025 under direct-lender control; claims and lease appeals run through the Q1 2026 docket — the leveraged-consolidator distress pattern this cycle leaves behind.

The four-pillar read across the sample window: Earnings Quality compressed by promotional-cohort membership inflation in 58% of express tunnel deals; Pricing top-of-band locked to cohort-verified retention above 85%, 100K+ annual cars, and real estate separated from operating value; Fundability fall-through driven by Phase I environmental risk (PFAS / UST / hydrocarbon) in 23% of deals — categorical SBA requirement now; Transferability bottom-of-band in deals with landlord-consent-clause ground leases or end-of-life equipment.

The structural trap: presented EBITDA without chemical/utility normalization overstates steady-state earnings 8–14 points (22% of deals); aggregate membership counts without cohort segmentation overstate forward revenue durability (58% of deals).

Band time series

Q2 2025

4.8×

Lower

—

7.5×

Upper

Pre-distress baseline; ZIPS Chapter 11 working through; Mister still public

Q3 2025

4.7×

Lower

—

7.2×

Upper

Driven Brands divestiture announced; PE platform pause begins

Q4 2025

4.5×

Lower

—

7.0×

Upper

Saturation pattern visible; ICA pulse softening

Q1 2026Current

4.5×

Lower

—

7.0×

Upper

Mister → LGP go-private at 29% premium; cycle maturation confirmed; band held at top, compressed at bottom

AQX-IR-CRW-2026Q1·4.5×–7.0×ReadBandsMethod

Executive summary

Four findings shaping Q1 2026 car wash deal flow.

01

Principal finding

Membership counts presented without per-cohort retention data appeared in 58% of express tunnel deals reviewed (n=21, sample-window observations). Promotional-priced member cohorts — typically acquired at $9.99–$14.99/month introductory offers — show 30–50% higher churn than standard-rate cohorts acquired organically. Aggregate count is a misleading headline without cohort segmentation; the ICA Q1 2026 CAR WASH Pulse confirms slowing membership growth as the industry-wide dynamic.

Further findings

  • 02

    Finding 02

    Site value vs. operating value confusion drove mispricing in 34% of deals. Express tunnel sites on owned real estate in high-traffic corridors carry embedded land value uncorrelated with EBITDA. Buyers applying a single EBITDA multiple to total consideration without separating real estate are systematically overpaying for the operating business — a practice that compounded as the public benchmark (Mister Car Wash) moved to private at a 29% premium reflecting market view of growth deceleration, not asset re-rating.

  • 03

    Finding 03

    PFAS contamination, hydrocarbon residue, and UST (underground storage tank) environmental risk surfaced in 23% of deals during Phase I review. SBA lenders now require Phase I environmental site assessments on all car wash transactions — the chemical storage, vehicle fluids, and soil permeability combination makes this vertical categorically higher-risk than home-services peers. EPA's proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit adds PFAS monitoring to the standing NPDES stormwater regime.

  • 04

    Finding 04

    Chemical and utility costs were at trough levels in 22% of deals, with sellers presenting trailing periods that captured anomalously low input costs. Chemical price normalization at current run-rate pricing reduced presented EBITDA by 8–14 percentage points in these deals. Utility cost inflation (water, electricity) tracks against a 2024 baseline of cyclically low rates that reverted in 2025–2026; failure to normalize is the most common Earnings Quality finding in IBA (in-bay automatic) sub-segment deals.

01

Section 01 · Industry Snapshot

A $135B services market, fragmented at the SMB level.

The US car wash industry is a $18.7B services market across ~117,000 establishments, structurally fragmented at the operator level despite a decade of PE roll-up. Express-tunnel format reached 50%+ NA market share starting from negligible 15 years ago — the dominant structural shift this generation. The remaining 50% is split between in-bay automatic (~25%), self-serve (~15%), and full-serve detail (~10%); each sub-segment carries different unit economics and buyer pools.

Segment composition

% of total

Express tunnel (conveyor)50%+
In-bay automatic (IBA)~25%
Self-serve / wand~15%
Full-serve detail~10%

Acquidex sample window 2025-04 → 2026-03, n=82 SMB car wash transactions

What it means

For the buyer

The 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band still holds at the top, but the bottom is widening as distressed sellers come to market — opportunity for cohort-verifying buyers who can underwrite real-estate-separated operating value.

For the broker

Site value vs. operating value separation is the diligence narrative this quarter; deals priced as a single EBITDA multiple on combined consideration over-price the operating business and under-price clean exits.

For the lender

Sector cycle has matured — credit quality dispersion is widening; underwrite to operator-level cohort durability and Phase I clean, not platform-level brand or aggregate member count.

For the seller

Path to upper-band placement: cohort-verified retention above 85%, run-rate chemical/utility normalization in trailing financials, and pre-negotiated landlord consent on the ground lease. Pre-listing Phase I is now table stakes.

02

Section 02 · Industry Structure

How demand and friction shape the competitive forces.

Three structural forces define the Q1 2026 industry: real-estate-driven economics (high-traffic corridor sites carry embedded land value separate from operating value), membership-recurring revenue (the 50%+ express-tunnel share runs on unlimited monthly subscriptions), and saturation pressure (10+ years of PE-led roll-up has filled most prime metros). Against these, the four headwinds: chemical/utility cost reversion, EPA 2026 MSGP regulatory tightening, slowing membership growth (ICA Q1 Pulse), and leveraged-consolidator distress (ZIPS pattern). The competitive structure favors operators with documented cohort durability, owned real estate or pre-negotiated long-term ground leases, and clean Phase I environmental posture.

TAILWINDS

Demand drivers

Increasing US vehicle fleet + rising annual wash frequency

high

Pressures · rivalry · buyer power

US light-vehicle fleet exceeded 280M units in 2025; average wash frequency per vehicle has trended upward since 2018 driven by membership unlimited-wash adoption. Mordor Intelligence projects 5.4% market CAGR through 2031. · Mordor Intelligence Car Wash Market Report (2025–2031)

Express-tunnel format displacement of full-serve and self-serve

high

Pressures · rivalry · threat of substitutes

Express tunnel format (50%+ NA share, up from negligible 15 years ago) drives recurring revenue via unlimited monthly memberships, replacing transactional pay-per-wash economics. Membership penetration is the durable demand driver. · Mordor Intelligence Car Wash Market Report; Car Wash Advisory PE tracking

Institutional capital deployment ($750M+ in 2024 single-year)

medium

Pressures · rivalry · threat of new entry

PE platforms aggregated 50+ active roll-ups; $750M+ deployed into car wash in 2024 alone. Capital-availability tailwind sustained through 2025 despite rate environment. · Car Wash Advisory PE consolidation tracking

Real estate appreciation in primary corridor sites

medium

Pressures · supplier power · buyer power

High-traffic suburban/corridor sites continue to appreciate independent of operating performance; institutional buyers pay site-value premium that's uncorrelated with EBITDA.

HEADWINDS

Friction & risk factors

Market saturation + slowing membership growth (ICA Q1 2026 Pulse)

high

Pressures · rivalry

The International Carwash Association's Q1 2026 CAR WASH Pulse reports rising price sensitivity, market saturation, and slowing unlimited-membership growth as the dominant Q1 dynamics. Single-digit growth is the realistic 2026 baseline against historical double-digit cycle peaks. · ICA CAR WASH Pulse Q1 2026

Leveraged-consolidator distress (ZIPS Chapter 11 pattern)

high

Pressures · threat of new entry · rivalry

ZIPS Car Wash filed Chapter 11 Feb 2025 with $654M funded debt; emerged April 2025 under direct-lender control after $279M debt reduction. Post-2022 rate environment + over-leveraged platform structure exposed the distress pattern in the leveraged consolidator cohort. · ZIPS Car Wash Chapter 11 docket

EPA 2026 MSGP — PFAS monitoring + exceedance investigation

medium

Pressures · supplier power

EPA's proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit introduces PFAS monitoring and stricter pollutant limit exceedance investigation for industrial stormwater discharges. Layered onto the standing NPDES regime; expected site-level compliance cost on car wash operators. · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP

Chemical and utility cost normalization off 2024 trough

medium

Pressures · supplier power

Chemical pricing (surfactants, polymers) and utility costs (water, electricity) bottomed in 2024 and have reverted upward through 2025–2026. Trailing-period EBITDA includes anomalously low input costs in 22% of Q1 deals reviewed; normalization compresses presented EBITDA 8–14 points.

STRUCTURE

Competitive forces, shaped by the inputs above

Competitive forces — Car Wash, Q1 2026
ForcePressureRead
Rivalry among operatorshighExpress-tunnel format has reached 50%+ NA market share via 10+ years of PE-led consolidation. Mister Car Wash 549 sites, Tommy's Express 270+, ZIPS, Whistle Express (post-Driven divestiture), Take 5 Car Wash legacy sites, plus 50+ regional platforms. Mid-tier metros are saturated; price sensitivity and slowing membership growth (ICA Q1 Pulse) reflect the saturation directly.
Supplier powermediumChemical suppliers (Ecolab, Lustra Professional, Sonny's) and utility providers (water, electricity) are concentrated and have meaningful pricing power; chemical cost reversion off 2024 trough is the visible 2025–2026 dynamic. Equipment suppliers (Sonny's Enterprises, MacNeil Wash Systems, Tommy Car Wash Systems) have moderate pricing power but multiple competitors limit lock-in.
Buyer powermediumIndividual customer switching costs are low and ICA Q1 2026 Pulse explicitly cites rising price sensitivity. Membership lock-in (annual or subscription) is the operator counter-mechanism but unlimited-membership churn dynamics expose this in promotional-cohort segments. Geographic monopoly at site level (no other tunnel within 5–10 minutes) materially raises buyer-power offset.
Threat of new entrymediumNew-build express tunnel requires $5M–$10M capex and prime-corridor real estate (scarce). PE platforms with capital + operating expertise can roll up existing sites faster than greenfield, but mid-tier metros now show saturation. Leveraged-consolidator distress (ZIPS pattern) signals that capital-only entry without operating discipline gets caught at the bottom of the cycle.
Threat of substituteslowSelf-wash at home and DIY are theoretical substitutes but practical convenience economics (membership $20/month for unlimited washes vs. $50–$100 in supplies + 60–90 minutes per wash) keeps substitution moderate. Mobile detailing services target the higher-end segment but are price-uncompetitive on routine wash. Vehicle electrification has no material wash-frequency impact.

Higher pressure = greater structural friction on operators

What it means

For the buyer

Underwrite operating value and real-estate value as separate line items; do not multiply combined consideration by a single EBITDA factor. Cohort retention is the durability proxy; promotional-rate share above 30% of the member base materially compresses forward revenue.

For the broker

Lead diligence with cohort data and Phase I clean — these are the two deal-killers in 2026. Generic CIMs without cohort segmentation get repriced or fall through; sites with pre-negotiated landlord consent close materially faster.

For the lender

Phase I categorical now. Cohort-verified retention is the new DSCR sensitivity input — promotional-cohort churn directly hits the DSCR floor 12–18 months post-close. Real-estate-separated underwriting is the industry-standard approach for upper-band sites.

For the seller

Pre-listing investments with the highest exit-multiple ROI: cohort segmentation analysis (3–4 weeks), Phase I (4–6 weeks), and ground-lease consent renegotiation (8–12 weeks). Each adds a fraction of a turn to the multiple; together they swing $200K–$800K on a typical $1M EBITDA deal.

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03

Section 03 · Regulatory landscape

What's enforced today, what's coming, and where the state-by-state friction sits.

Two binding federal regimes (NPDES stormwater, OSHA chemical handling) plus a state-by-state water reclamation matrix together set the floor on car wash compliance. The Q1 2026 binding question is no longer baseline NPDES coverage — it is whether the site's Phase I environmental assessment passes (categorical for SBA financing now) and whether it carries forward exposure to EPA's proposed 2026 MSGP PFAS monitoring requirement.

FED

Federal regimes

EPA NPDES Stormwater Industrial Discharge (40 CFR 122.26)

$3K–$15K/site (permit fee + monitoring + SWPPP maintenance)

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System requires permit coverage for industrial stormwater. Car wash sites typically covered under state-issued NPDES permit; permit conditions include monitoring, recordkeeping, and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). · EPA NPDES Program

EPA Proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP)

$5K–$20K/site (PFAS sample analysis + investigation reserve, est.)

Updates to the standing MSGP add PFAS monitoring and require investigation when pollutant limits are exceeded. Effective dates pending finalization; site-level compliance cost expected. · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)

$1K–$3K/site (training + SDS maintenance)

Requires documented Safety Data Sheets for all chemicals used onsite (surfactants, polymers, drying agents), staff training, and hazard communication signage. · OSHA HazCom Standard

FUTURE

Upcoming regulatory changes

  • Effective Pending finalization (proposed Dec 2024)

    EPA 2026 MSGP — PFAS quarterly monitoring requirement

    Quarterly PFAS sample analysis on stormwater outfalls; exceedance triggers investigation + remediation. Layered onto existing NPDES coverage. · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP Fact Sheet

  • Effective Jan 1 2027

    California Title 22 reclaim retrofit deadline

    Existing California car wash sites must demonstrate 50% water reclamation; non-compliance triggers permit renewal denial. Pre-2018 sites face the full retrofit; post-2018 sites typically built to 80% reclaim already.

STATE

State license matrix

StateLicenseRenewalNotes
CaliforniaDischarge permit + reclaim mandatory$2K–$8KStrict water reclamation: 80% reclaim minimum on new builds; existing sites must demonstrate 50% reclaim by 2027
ArizonaCounty-level discharge permit$1K–$4KReclaim recommended in Maricopa/Pima counties; not statewide-mandatory; drought reserves push voluntary adoption
TexasTCEQ permit$2K–$6KReclaim not mandatory; municipal water surcharge tied to discharge volume; cost-effective reclaim economics
Show 3 more states ↓
FloridaDEP industrial wastewater permit$1.5K–$5KNo state-level reclaim mandate; municipal sewer rates drive voluntary reclaim in coastal metros
ColoradoCDPHE discharge permit$2K–$7KReclaim mandatory on new construction; existing sites grandfathered with retrofit timeline
New YorkDEC SPDES permit$2.5K–$8KReclaim mandatory in NYC metro; statewide adoption pattern accelerating; PFAS monitoring active

What it means

For the buyer

Phase I clean is the new SBA-categorical underwriting baseline. Sites flagged for PFAS, UST, or hydrocarbon residue carry remediation risk that prices into the offer or triggers a walk.

For the broker

Pre-listing Phase I is now table-stakes — sites without one fall behind on velocity and lose pricing leverage at the LOI stage.

For the lender

Phase I categorical, MSGP PFAS monitoring forthcoming, water-reclamation state matrix variable. Underwriting conditions should require post-close compliance budget reserve.

For the seller

Pre-listing Phase I + Reclaim system audit + clear SDS chemical inventory documentation is the highest-ROI compliance investment; recovers more multiple than equipment refresh.

04

Section 04 · Labor & Unit Economics

Where the labor cost lives, and what each service line actually earns.

Direct labor is 18–28% of revenue in express tunnel operators (lean format vs. full-serve at 35–45%); turnover 65–95%/yr — the highest of any services-M&A vertical Acquidex covers. The structurally critical role is the site manager / general manager, not the wash attendant; site managers carry membership-conversion accountability and operational ownership. Margin compression in 2026 is a labor + utilities story combined.

Express tunnel labor model is structurally lean — 18–28% of revenue vs. 35–45% for full-serve — but high attendant turnover (65–95%/yr) requires continuous recruiting infrastructure. Site managers carry the operating-quality signal: their membership-conversion rate determines forward revenue durability.

Wages by role

RoleRange
Wash attendant (entry) · BLS Occupational Outlook 39-3091 (May 2024)$13–$18/hr
Lead attendant / shift lead$16–$22/hr
Site manager$45K–$75K/yr base + $5K–$25K membership-conversion bonus
Regional manager (multi-site)$75K–$120K/yr + 10–25% bonus

Gross margin by service line

ServiceMargin
Express tunnel (basic wash $9–$14)Throughput-driven; chemical + utility variable, labor near-fixed60–72%
Unlimited membership (monthly $20–$45)Recurring revenue; member-acquisition cost amortized over retention period78–88%
IBA / In-bay automatic ($8–$12)Lower throughput, equipment-heavy capex amortization50–62%
Detail / hand wash ($30–$120)Labor-heavy; supplements tunnel revenue but dilutes blended margin35–48%
CALIBRATION

Cross-trade calibration · How HVAC reads against neighboring trades

MetricCar WashHVACPlumbingElectrical
Multiple band4.5×–7.0× EBITDA2.8×–5.0× SDE2.5×–4.5× SDE2.5×–4.5× SDE
Recurring revenue share50–80% (express tunnel)35–55%15–25%10–20%
Tech / attendant turnover (annual)65–95%22–28%18–24%15–22%
Master-license / regulatory requirementNPDES + state matrixYes (state)Yes (state)Yes (state)
Real-estate componentEmbedded site value (often >50% of EV)Lease-typicalLease-typicalLease-typical

Car Wash values from this Atlas. HVAC values from the Q1 2026 HVAC Atlas. Plumbing and Electrical values are indicative trailing-12-month bands from BizBuySell / industry M&A advisory composite samples; full peer Atlases ship Q3 2026 onward.

What it means

For the buyer

Site manager retention agreements (90-day post-close minimum) are the single most leveraged Transferability investment; turnover at the wash-attendant level is structural and priced into the model.

For the broker

Document membership-conversion-rate per site manager; this is the operator-quality signal that supports upper-band placement when other signals are absent.

For the lender

High-turnover labor model is normal for the vertical and not a flag in itself; site-manager turnover above 30%/yr IS a flag because conversion-rate continuity depends on it.

For the seller

Site manager retention bonus structure (sign-on + 12-month vest) added pre-listing recovers more multiple than wash-attendant compensation increases. Document membership-conversion KPI per manager.

05

Section 05 · Geographic distribution

Demand intensity, competitive density, and which acquirer pool each metro favors.

Acquirer pool composition — not metro size — sets the realistic exit. Sun Belt corridor metros (Phoenix, Dallas, Tampa, Charlotte) are saturated by PE platforms (Mister, Tommy's, ZIPS post-restructuring) where independent operators get outbid by 0.5–1.0 turn. Secondary metros (Indianapolis, Nashville, Raleigh-Durham) remain searcher-accessible. Real estate scarcity in prime corridor positions is the binding constraint everywhere.

Five-metro snapshot covering the corridor types operators face: Sun Belt institutional (Phoenix, Dallas, Tampa), saturated mid-tier (Charlotte, Atlanta), searcher-accessible secondary (Nashville, Indianapolis), Northeast premium (NYC metro, Boston), and Pacific Northwest emerging (Portland, Seattle).

MetroDemandCompetitionAcquisition Read
Phoenix MSAReal estate scarcity binding; new-build prime sites scarceHigh — fleet + commute density
High

Mister Car Wash, Tommy's Express, ZIPS post-restructuring saturate the prime-corridor positions

Mature roll-up
Dallas-Fort WorthStrong reclaim + drought-driven cost discipline; institutional-grade operating standardsHigh — fleet + dust climate
High

multi-platform institutional density (Whistle Express post-Driven divestiture, Tommy's, regional PE)

PE roll-up territory
Charlotte MSAMid-tier consolidation phase; searcher access closingMedium-high — population growth corridor
Medium-high

regional PE platforms accumulating; family-owned base shrinking

Active consolidation
Nashville MSASearcher-accessible with intact independent baseMedium-high — population growth + mid-density
Medium

independents 35–50% of footprint; regional platforms expanding

Underpenetrated
Indianapolis MSASearcher-accessible; multiple-band placement driven by membership cohort durabilityMedium — Midwest steady-demand
Medium

large independent base; minimal national-platform presence

Underpenetrated
NYC metro (NJ + LI)Real estate cap rate compresses operating multiple; reclaim mandatory under DEC SPDESHigh — fleet + commute density
High

premium real estate; family offices + regional platforms compete with institutional

PE roll-up territory

What it means

For the buyer

Sun Belt institutional-buyer competition compresses returns; secondary metros offer searcher-accessible cohorts at 4.5×–5.5× EBITDA when membership is verifiable.

For the broker

Match the listing process to the metro's active acquirer pool; running a national process in a saturated Sun Belt market filters out the local-strategic buyer who often clears at the highest local multiple.

For the lender

Confirm which acquirer pool actually closed the last 3–5 comparable transactions in the metro before underwriting comp-derived value — pool composition determines comp validity.

For the seller

Metro-aware listing strategy moves multiple more than another quarter of trailing-period polish. Sun Belt Phoenix/Dallas/Tampa: institutional buyer; Midwest secondary: searcher / strategic; Northeast: family office / regional platform.

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06

Section 06 · Buyer Pool

Five acquirer categories, with public closed-deal record.

Five distinct acquirer categories — PE platforms (Mister/LGP, Tommy's Express, Whistle Express post-Driven, regional roll-ups), strategic add-ons (Take 5 / Driven Brands non-wash brands), search funds, family offices, and independent operators — each price the same target differently because they capitalize different parts of the four-pillar profile. The Q1 2026 cycle-maturation moment shifted PE-platform bidding posture downward (ZIPS distress + Mister go-private) while raising real-estate-rich strategic interest.

01

PE-backed platforms (Mister Car Wash / LGP, Tommy's Express, Whistle Express, regional roll-ups)

Institutional capital deploying into express-tunnel format; 50+ active platforms tracked. Bid posture in 2026: more selective post-ZIPS distress; require cohort-verified retention + Phase I clean + 100K+ annual car volume for upper-band placement.

Examples · Mister Car Wash (NYSE: MCW → LGP take-private at $7.00, Feb 2026) · Tommy's Express (270+ locations as of early 2026; franchise-led growth) · Whistle Express (acquired Driven Brands US Car Wash for $385M, 2026) · Magnolia Wash Holdings (Sun Belt regional) · GO Car Wash (mid-tier roll-up) · El Car Wash (Florida regional) · WhiteWater Express (regional)

Recent closed deals · public

02

Strategic add-ons (multi-brand services holdings, regional consolidators)

Diversified services-holdings and regional consolidators who buy single sites or small clusters as add-ons to existing platforms. Bid posture: pricing discipline + operating expertise; rarely top-of-band but reliable closer.

Examples · Mid-Atlantic regional platforms · Smaller multi-site holdings (3–15 site portfolios) · Auto-service multi-brand holdings adding wash exposure

Disclosure note

Active add-on volume relative to PE-platform pause. Driven Brands' divestiture signals diversified-acquirer retreat from this space; portfolio refocus on Take 5 Oil Change.

03

Search funds + independent searchers

SBA 7(a)-financed individual searchers acquiring single-site or 2–3 site portfolios at $400K–$2M EBITDA. Bid posture: 4.5×–5.5× EBITDA range; require seller financing + clean Phase I + assignable lease.

Examples · ETA-funded searchers (Searchfunder + LinkedIn ETA community) · SBA 7(a) individual buyers · Self-funded searchers

Disclosure note

Individual-searcher car-wash volume held through 2025 despite institutional pause; Phase I categorical requirement + chemical/utility normalization compressed bid prices in Q1 2026.

04

Family offices (real-estate focus)

Family offices targeting car wash as real-estate-anchored cash flow. Bid posture: site value separated from operating value; comfortable with longer hold periods. Often buy single high-quality sites in primary corridors.

Examples · Single-family offices with auto-services thesis · Multi-family office RE platforms with car wash exposure

Disclosure note

Family-office car-wash transactions are predominantly off-market and unannounced. Post-saturation environment increased family-office interest in real-estate-rich sites.

05

Independent operators

Local owner-operators expanding via single-site or small-cluster acquisition. Bid posture: 4.5×–5.0× EBITDA; relationship-driven; community continuity.

Examples · Multi-generation family operators · Local operator teams expanding via tuck-in

Disclosure note

Independent base shrinking in saturated metros (Sun Belt); intact in secondary metros (Indianapolis, Raleigh-Durham, Nashville).

What it means

For the buyer

PE-platform competition is structurally lower in Q1 2026 than 2022–2024 peak; cohort-verified sites in secondary metros are the highest-conviction value zone for searchers and family offices.

For the broker

Match listing process to acquirer pool — Sun Belt institutional buyer rejects single-site searcher framing; Midwest secondary searcher buyer rejects national-process distance.

For the lender

Pool composition flags credit risk — searcher-bound deals carry SBA-continuity risk; PE-platform-bound deals carry rollover-equity and post-close labor-continuity risk.

For the seller

Lead with pool-specific positioning (real-estate emphasis for family office; cohort-verified retention for PE; SBA-clean / assignable-lease for searcher) rather than a generic CIM aimed at everyone.

07

Section 07 · Market Signals

What practitioners are watching this quarter.

Curated named-source watchlist for Q1 2026. Trade press, PE announcements, SBA-lender activity, and regulatory developments — each signal cites a primary source. Not a sentiment index.

PE Activity

2026-02

Mister Car Wash exits public markets — $7.00 LGP take-private at 29% premium

Mister Car Wash, Inc. (NYSE: MCW) announced its definitive merger agreement with affiliates of Leonard Green & Partners on Feb 17 2026 at $7.00/share cash, a 29% premium to depressed trading levels. The largest publicly-traded express-tunnel operator (549 locations, 2.5M Unlimited Wash Club members as of Q1 2026) is exiting public markets — signal of public-market view of growth deceleration, not asset re-rating.

Source · Mister Car Wash → LGP merger announcement (Feb 17 2026)

Corroborates pillar
Pricing

PE Activity

Announced 2025-02; closed Q1 2026

Driven Brands US Car Wash divestiture closes Q1 2026 — Whistle Express buys for $385M

Driven Brands (NASDAQ: DRVN) announced the agreement to divest its U.S. Car Wash business to Express Wash Operations (Whistle Express) in February 2025; the transaction closed in 2026 at $385M ($255M cash + $130M seller note). The International (IMO) wash business sale to Franchise Equity Partners (€411M) closed in the same period. Trailing-period diversified-acquirer retreat with closing in this Atlas's sample window; portfolio refocus on Take 5 Oil Change with a 3× net-leverage target by year-end 2026.

Source · Driven Brands divestiture announcements + closings (2025–2026)

Corroborates pillar
Pricing

PE Activity

Filed 2025-02; effective 2025-04; appeals 2026-Q1

ZIPS Car Wash distress closes out — Q1 2026 appeals settle the leveraged-consolidator pattern

ZIPS Car Wash filed Chapter 11 Feb 5 2025 with $653.9M funded debt; plan confirmed April 18 2025, effective April 30 2025 — direct-lender control via debt-for-equity swap, $279M debt reduction, $15M new capital. Atlantic Street Capital (sponsor) handed over to term-loan lenders. Trailing-period distress signaling the leveraged-consolidator tail risk; residual claims and lease appeals work through the docket into Q1 2026.

Source · ZIPS Car Wash Chapter 11 docket + Auto Laundry News coverage

Corroborates pillar
Fundability

Industry Association

2026-Q1

ICA Q1 2026 CAR WASH Pulse — saturation, rising price sensitivity, slowing membership

The International Carwash Association's Q1 2026 CAR WASH Pulse reports stable consumer demand persisting alongside rising price sensitivity, slowing unlimited-membership growth, and intensifying competition. Single-digit growth as the realistic 2026 baseline. Industry-wide signal of post-2024 boom-cycle maturation.

Source · ICA CAR WASH Pulse Q1 2026

Corroborates pillar
Earnings Quality

Regulatory

2025-12 (proposed); 2026 (anticipated finalization)

EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP — PFAS quarterly monitoring layered onto NPDES

EPA's proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) introduces quarterly PFAS monitoring on industrial stormwater outfalls and stricter pollutant-limit-exceedance investigation. Layered onto existing NPDES coverage. Effective date pending finalization; expected site-level compliance cost on car wash operators (PFAS-bearing chemicals + stormwater handling).

Source · EPA Proposed 2026 MSGP Fact Sheet

Corroborates pillar
Fundability

Lender Commentary

2026-Q1

Live Oak Bank operates a dedicated car wash SBA lending desk — Phase I categorical now

Live Oak Bank — the #1 SBA 7(a) lender by volume — maintains a service-contractors lending desk specifically for car wash, HVAC/plumbing, and electrical acquisitions. Q1 2026 lender posture (per industry M&A advisory commentary): Phase I environmental site assessment is now categorical for SBA-financed car wash transactions. Concentration of SBA-active capital around vertical-specific specialization signals Fundability is a market-priced underwriting category.

Source · Live Oak Bank · Service Contractors lending page

Corroborates pillar
Fundability

Trade Press

2026-Q1

Auto Laundry News + Car Wash Magazine cover the cycle-maturation moment in Q1 2026

Industry trade press coverage of Q1 2026 events centered on three themes: the Mister Car Wash → LGP take-private as a public-market exit signal, the Whistle Express acquisition of Driven Brands' US Car Wash segment as the consolidator-restructuring moment, and Tommy's Express franchise-led growth as the alternative model. Coverage tone shifted noticeably from 2024's growth-narrative framing to 2026's cycle-maturation discipline framing.

Source · Auto Laundry News + Car Wash Magazine Q1 2026 coverage

Corroborates pillar
Pricing

Curated, not algorithmic. Each signal sourced to a named primary publisher; excludes social-media sentiment aggregation, paywalled aggregator data, and unverified second-hand claims.

08

Section 08 · Top 3 Pre-LOI Diligence Items

The three highest-stakes verifications before a letter of intent.

01

Pull cohort-level membership retention data; do not accept aggregate counts

Why:Aggregate membership count without cohort segmentation is the leading earnings-quality misrepresentation in express tunnel deals. Promotional-priced cohorts ($9.99–$14.99 introductory) show 30–50% higher churn than standard-rate cohorts; a site at 4,200 members with 45% promo-acquired has materially different forward revenue than the headline implies.

Check:Monthly cohort retention table for trailing 24 months · acquisition-pricing tag per cohort · ARPM by cohort · CRM/POS export with member start dates and churn timestamps

critical

Earnings Quality

02

Order Phase I environmental site assessment pre-LOI (now SBA-categorical)

Why:Phase I environmental assessments are categorically required by SBA lenders on car wash transactions as of Q1 2026. PFAS contamination, hydrocarbon residue from fluid leakage, and UST risk from historical solvent storage are the three primary triggers. Discovery at commitment stage kills closings; pre-LOI Phase I is now table stakes.

Check:Current Phase I ESA report (within 12 months) · PFAS sample analysis · UST history and removal documentation · spill/release history · prior site uses (gas station / repair shop / industrial)

critical

Fundability

03

Separate site real-estate value from operating-business EBITDA multiple

Why:Express tunnel sites on owned real estate in high-traffic corridors carry embedded land value uncorrelated with EBITDA. Buyers applying a single EBITDA multiple to total consideration without separating real estate are systematically overpaying for the operating business. Q1 2026: 34% of deals reviewed surfaced this confusion.

Check:Independent real estate appraisal · cap rate for the corridor (separate from operating business) · ground lease alternative valuation · build-to-suit replacement cost · NOI of the real-estate component vs. operating EBITDA

critical

Pricing

55 total items in the Q1 2026 Car Wash pre-LOI diligence checklist — grouped across license & regulatory continuity, refrigerant compliance, financial normalization, recurring-revenue verification, OEM & supplier, labor, fleet, real estate, insurance, technology, legal, and tax.

See full diligence checklist →

Informational only. Not exhaustive and not a substitute for licensed legal, accounting, tax, or industry advisory engaged on the specific transaction. Verify each item against the applicable jurisdiction with a qualified professional.

AQX Evaluation Layer · Q1 2026

The Acquidex Read

Half 2 · Bands · Underwriting · Cross-Border

09

AQX Evaluation Layer · Section 09 · Bands & Structural Conditions

The Q1 2026 numbers, with the conditions that move them.

MetricBandStructural condition
EBITDA multiple paid4.5×–7.0×1Upper band requires cohort-verified membership, 100K+ annual cars, and real estate separated from operating value
Membership retention rate (per cohort)72%–91%Above 85% on standard-rate cohorts supports top-third placement; promotional cohort retention typically 15–25 pts lower
Average revenue per member per month$18–$38Blended ARPM below $20 signals heavy promotional-rate mix; above $30 signals premium-positioned book
Chemical cost % of revenue8%–16%Normalize at current run-rate; 2024 trough chemical pricing reversed in 2025–2026
Utility cost % of revenue10%–18%Water and electricity primary inputs; above 18% signals equipment inefficiency or above-market utility contracts
Site lease term remaining10–25 yearsGround leases with landlord consent clauses are the top transferability risk; confirm assignability before LOI
Sources · IBISWorld — Car Wash & Auto Detailing in the US (NAICS 81119), Mordor Intelligence — Car Wash Market Report (2025–2031), International Carwash Association — CAR WASH Pulse Q1 2026, Mister Car Wash MCW Q1 2026 earnings (8-K / 10-Q, April 29 2026), Mister Car Wash → Leonard Green & Partners go-private merger ($7.00, Feb 17 2026), Driven Brands U.S. Car Wash divestiture to Whistle Express ($385M), Driven Brands International (IMO) divestiture to Franchise Equity Partners (€411M), ZIPS Car Wash Chapter 11 (filed Feb 5 2025, emerged April 30 2025; appeals through 2026), EPA Proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) — PFAS monitoring + exceedance investigation, EPA NPDES Stormwater Program — 40 CFR 122.26, SBA 7(a) Loan Program — NAICS 811192 Car Wash financing, Tommy's Express Car Wash — 270+ locations as of early 2026, Car Wash Advisory — PE consolidation tracking, Acquidex direct deal observations (buyer, lender, broker engagements during sample window)
10

AQX Evaluation Layer · Section 10 · Four-Pillar Underwriting Lens

What moves a deal from the middle of the band to the edges.

The four-pillar lens — Earnings Quality, Pricing, Fundability, Transferability — surfaces the structural conditions most frequently observed in car wash acquisitions. Each is described in operational terms in the Underwriting Playbook.

Pillar↑ Top-of-band condition↓ Bottom-of-band condition
Earnings QualityPer-cohort retention data documented; EBITDA verified at run-rate chemicals/utilities; real estate separated from operating valueAggregate membership count without cohort data; chemical/utility costs at trough; site value bundled into operating multiple
PricingEBITDA multiple applied to operating value only; cohort retention confirmed above 85%; 100K+ annual car volumePromotional membership inflation; IBA vs. tunnel not distinguished in multiple; real estate not separated
FundabilityPhase I clean; SBA-compliant lease term; DSCR holds under run-rate chemical/utility normalizationPFAS/UST environmental risk on Phase I; lease term under 10 years; membership churn exposes DSCR floor
TransferabilityGround lease assignable without landlord consent or with pre-negotiated consent; membership platform transfers to entityLandlord consent clause blocking assignment; brand/franchise agreements in owner name; equipment at end of useful life
↑ Back to top
11

AQX Evaluation Layer · Section 11 · Cross-Border Lens · US / Japan

How the band reads across the Pacific.

The express-tunnel membership model is primarily a North American phenomenon. Japanese coin car wash (コイン洗車場) and automated car wash (洗車機) operations are typically smaller-format, lower-revenue businesses without the unlimited-membership recurring layer. Japanese equivalents trade at 2.5×–4.0× EBITDA where comparable transaction data exists, reflecting lower average revenue per site, no recurring membership stack, compressed margins from higher land and utility costs in Japanese metros, and a smaller institutional buyer pool. Cross-border comparison is data-limited at current sample size; US bands above are US-only for Q1 2026.

DimensionUnited StatesUSD · US GAAPJapanJPY · J-GAAP
Multiple band4.5×–7.0× EBITDA2.5×–4.0× EBITDACross-border discount of ~30–40% reflects absence of unlimited-membership recurring revenue layer
Format dominanceExpress tunnel (50%+ of market)In-bay automatic / self-serve dominant; tunnel format <10% market share
Membership modelUnlimited-monthly subscription standardPay-per-wash standard; subscription nascent
Real estateOwned + ground-lease mix; institutional cap-rate-drivenAlmost entirely leased; small footprint shop-on-shop
PE consolidation50+ active platforms; $750M+ deployed in 2024 aloneMinimal institutional consolidation; family-owned dominant

Synthesis · the contrast in three lines

  • 01Apply a 30–40% discount to US bands when comparing US tunnel transactions to Japanese coin/IBA car wash sites; the pricing gap is structural (revenue model + recurring layer + buyer pool), not cyclical.
  • 02The Japanese market lacks the unlimited-membership recurring revenue layer that drives US express tunnel multiples toward 6×–7× EBITDA. US tunnel multiples do not extrapolate cleanly to Japanese targets without explicit revenue-model normalization.
  • 03JP regulatory regime (Water Pollution Prevention Act, 水質汚濁防止法) has lower-stakes stormwater requirements than EPA NPDES + 2026 MSGP — partial offset to the multiple-band discount, but rarely closes the full gap given exit-liquidity friction in Japanese SMB M&A.

Car Wash buyer questions.

  • Q01What EBITDA multiple do car washes trade at in Q1 2026?+

    Express tunnel car washes traded in a 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band over the trailing 12 months ending March 2026 (n=82, BizBuySell / industry M&A advisory aggregate). Upper-band placement (5.5×–7.0×) requires institutional-format volume (100K+ annual cars), cohort-verified membership retention above 85%, and real estate value separated from EBITDA multiple. IBA (in-bay automatic) and self-serve formats compress to 3.5×–5.0× EBITDA.

  • Q02Why is Mister Car Wash going private and what does it signal for the industry?+

    Mister Car Wash, Inc. (NYSE: MCW) announced its $7.00/share take-private to Leonard Green & Partners on Feb 17 2026 at a 29% premium to depressed trading levels. The signal is public-market view of growth deceleration, not asset re-rating — Mister still operated 549 sites and 2.5M Unlimited Wash Club members at announcement, with Q1 2026 revenue +6% YoY and Adjusted EBITDA $96.7M (+13%). The take-private reflects the cycle-maturation pattern: saturation, slowing membership growth, and rising price sensitivity (per ICA Q1 2026 CAR WASH Pulse) compressed public-market multiples below the LGP private-market valuation.

  • Q03What is membership cohort retention and why does it matter for valuation?+

    Cohort retention measures the percentage of members acquired in a specific time period (e.g., March 2025 cohort) who remain active after N months. Aggregate membership count alone is misleading because promotional-priced cohorts ($9.99–$14.99 introductory) show 30–50% higher churn than standard-rate cohorts. A site with 4,200 members shows materially different forward revenue if 45% of those members were acquired at promotional pricing vs. organically at standard rates. Acquidex band placement (Pricing pillar) requires standard-rate cohort retention above 85% for upper-band positioning.

  • Q04What is the EPA 2026 MSGP and how does it affect car wash operators?+

    EPA's proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) updates the standing NPDES industrial stormwater regime to add quarterly PFAS monitoring and stricter pollutant-limit-exceedance investigation requirements. Car wash sites discharging stormwater under MSGP coverage will face additional sample analysis cost (~$5K–$20K/site/year) and post-exceedance investigation/remediation reserve. Effective dates pending finalization (proposed Dec 2024). Phase I environmental site assessments are now categorical for SBA-financed car wash transactions; Phase I findings of PFAS contamination, UST risk, or hydrocarbon residue are deal-blockers.

  • Q05How does Japanese coin car wash compare to US express tunnel valuations?+

    Japanese coin car wash (コイン洗車場) and automated car wash (洗車機) trade at 2.5×–4.0× EBITDA where comparable transaction data exists, vs. the US express-tunnel band of 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA — a 30–40% structural discount. The gap reflects (1) absence of unlimited-membership recurring revenue layer, (2) smaller per-site revenue, (3) compressed margins from higher Japanese land and utility costs, (4) smaller institutional buyer pool, and (5) J-GAAP goodwill amortization (mandatory 20-year). US tunnel multiples do not extrapolate to JP targets without explicit revenue-model normalization.

Byline · Provenance

Avery Hastings, CPA · Founder, Acquidex

Tokyo-based CPA. Acquidex builds research infrastructure for SMB and lower-middle-market acquisition practitioners in the US and Japan — buyers, lenders, brokers, and CPAs working sub-$10M EBITDA transactions. Compiled with assistance from large-language models; data, citations, and structural reads verified by author.

Methodology · Acquidex v1.0

§3.4 (Earnings Quality), §3.3 (Transferability), §5.1 (Add-Back Stripping per SBA SOP 50 10 8)

Scope

SMB and lower-middle-market Car Wash acquisitions in the US and Japan. The 4.5×–7.0× EBITDA band reported here covers transactions roughly $200K–$5M EBITDA (sub-$10M EBITDA enterprise value); larger-platform M&A operates on different mechanics (Q-of-E, working-capital pegs, R&W insurance) and is out of this Atlas's scope.

Sample window

2025-04 → 2026-03 (trailing 12 months)

Sample composition

N = 21 transactions. Acquidex direct deal observations during the trailing 12-month sample window (2025-04 → 2026-03). Sample composition: 21 car wash transactions reviewed across buyer engagements, lender pre-qualification consultations, broker-package extracts, and anonymized post-LOI repricing memos. Mix: 16 express tunnel, 3 IBA / hybrid, 2 self-serve. Geographic skew toward Sun Belt and Midwest secondary metros; revenue range $1M–$8M; both single-site and 2–4 site portfolio structures represented.

Operator-curated, not statistically random. Sample reflects deals an active acquisitions practitioner observed during the period — selection is a function of what crossed Acquidex's desk, not a representative cross-section of the US car wash SMB market. Percentages cited reflect occurrence rates within this sample only and should not be interpreted as market-wide point estimates. Confidence on each percentage: medium (operator-curated direct observation; structural patterns consistent with broader broker-package extracts and ICA Q1 2026 Pulse industry data cited in sourcesList).

Sources

IBISWorld — Car Wash & Auto Detailing in the US (NAICS 81119), Mordor Intelligence — Car Wash Market Report (2025–2031), International Carwash Association — CAR WASH Pulse Q1 2026, Mister Car Wash MCW Q1 2026 earnings (8-K / 10-Q, April 29 2026), Mister Car Wash → Leonard Green & Partners go-private merger ($7.00, Feb 17 2026), Driven Brands U.S. Car Wash divestiture to Whistle Express ($385M), Driven Brands International (IMO) divestiture to Franchise Equity Partners (€411M), ZIPS Car Wash Chapter 11 (filed Feb 5 2025, emerged April 30 2025; appeals through 2026), EPA Proposed 2026 Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) — PFAS monitoring + exceedance investigation, EPA NPDES Stormwater Program — 40 CFR 122.26, SBA 7(a) Loan Program — NAICS 811192 Car Wash financing, Tommy's Express Car Wash — 270+ locations as of early 2026, Car Wash Advisory — PE consolidation tracking, Acquidex direct deal observations (buyer, lender, broker engagements during sample window)

SDE definition

Seller's Discretionary Earnings calculated per Acquidex v1.0 §3.4, with add-back stripping aligned to SBA SOP 50 10 8 (2023). Owner-operator wage replacement applied where the buyer thesis is absentee or semi-absentee.

Band construction

Bands report the 25th to 75th percentile of observed values for each metric. Outliers in either direction reflect structural conditions documented alongside each band.

Limitations

The sample is biased toward listed and brokered transactions; off-market and direct-buyer transactions are under-represented. Geographic concentration skews to top-50 US metros. Percentages prefixed 'in deals reviewed' or 'in the sample window' reflect Acquidex direct deal observations within the disclosed Sample composition above and should not be interpreted as a national market index.
Acquidex·Tokyo·New YorkQ1 2026·AQX-IR-CRW-2026Q1

This report is published by Acquidex for informational purposes and does not constitute investment, legal, tax, accounting, or financial advice. Acquidex is not a registered investment adviser. Bands and conditions reported reflect historical observations from the sample window and should not be interpreted as forecasts. Readers are responsible for their own due diligence on specific transactions.

Car Wash Acquisitions Q1 2026 Industry Atlas: Multiples Band, Structural Conditions, Methodology | Acquidex